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Real Deal Royalty Rates
This third edition of Royalty Rates for Technology contains more information about technology pricing than in any other publication. This book represents over a decade of research. Included in these pages you will find information about technology royalty rates, license fees and milestone payments. Also reported is information about infringement damage awards and settlements. All of the information in this book is provided to show different types of value indications for various technologies in different industries.

The information in this book has been collected from reliable sources since September 1990 through May 2003 and is considered to represent a comprehensive collection of technology pricing information. The newest data in this edition has been obtained from the research efforts of experts at Navigant Consulting. All of the information in this report is categorized by the following industries:

Calculating Royalty Rates
Royalty Rate Derivation Models are included in this edition and illustrate the theory associated with quantifying royalty rates for patented technology. It is not always possible to find comparable royalty rates for a technology being licensed or valued. In such cases royalty rates may need to be derived from calculations. This new chapter was written by Rusell L. Parr of IPRA, Inc. and Michael F. Maloney of Navigant Consulting. Their new chapter provides a comprehensive discussion of intellectual property value along with showing you the most credible methods for calculating royalty rates. Examples are included.

Navigant Consulting Industry Insights
Industry Insights are provided for selected industries that are most active in licensing. Included in this new edition are industry overviews for Communications, Computer Hardware, Computer Software, Medical Devices, and Semiconductors. These overviews provide easy to understand information on featured industries and their mega-trends so that the reader can better interpret the more granular information regarding licensing deals contained in the book. We wish to thank the following experts at Navigant Consulting, Inc. for sharing their industry insights: Michael F. Maloney, CPA – Director; Gregory E. Smith, CPA – Director; Michele M. Riley, CPA – Principal; Rodney J. Bosco – Principal; and Kiran P. Sequiera, MBA, P.E. – Senior Managing Consultant.

Royalty Rate Summary Chart
The chart below summaries royalty rates across all the industries covered in this book. The royalty rates are grouped by rate, as a percent of sales, and graphed by the frequency of their appearance. Excluded from this graph are instances where royalty rates are specified on a per unit basis. Generally royalty rates range between 1% and 40% of sales but the vast majority of royalty rates are 15% of sales or less.

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